It's generally easy enough to meet a, b and c on your four conditions. Most games with female protagonists (who don't have shitty character designs) would apply - 1992's Alone in the Dark, for example, meets the first three criteria with Emily Hartwood, and only fails the Bechdel test condition since she doesn't talk to anyone at all.
I'm guessing you're looking for more narrative-heavy stuff, though, so here's a few off the top of my head, many already mentioned. The Bechdel test seems to be the toughest part, which might be down partly to the format a lot of games use (most conversations taking place between the player and an NPC, rather than between NPCs, or just not having much dialogue at all).
Wing Commander has always had some good female characters, hilariously naff though the overall writing often is (a, b, c, d)
Fallout has had great female characters since the first game, especially if you choose to play as one (a, b, c, d)
Mirror's Edge has Faith, who's not hugely compelling or well-written or anything, but as videogame characters go, she's cool enough. Just talking about Mirror's Edge 1 - not sure what was going on with her in the sequel, you need to have read like 50000 pieces of supplementary material to understand the plot of that game (a, b, c, maybe d, can't remember)
Clock Tower has Jennifer. a, c and d are all met easily. b is debatable, I guess, but being constantly vulnerable and outmatched is more or less the point of the game, and she does eventually triumph, so fuck it (a, b, c, d)
Dishonored 2 - Emily and Billie. Emily's boring but at least she can go zipping around at light-speed knocking the shit out of people. Billie, on the other hand, is a really good character (a, b, c, maybe d)
Elder Scrolls sort of. There aren't many strong characters at all since the games tend to lean on more on the in-universe mythology and history than in character-based stuff. Nonetheless, Daggerfall has a great political intrigue plot with plenty of female characters where absolutely everyone is a bastard trying to fuck over everyone else (a, b, c, d)
The newer Assassin's Creed games have Kassandra and whatever that Viking one's called (a, b, c, d)
The forgotten and BRUTALLY UNDERRATED Urban Chaos (1999) has D'arci Stern, a cop who goes around telling people to surrender before they inevitably open fire at her. Great character, great game (a, b, c, maybe d)
Final Fantasy, though if you pressed me to name any female characters who were particularly good then I'm not sure how well I'd do. Rydia from FF4 is alright, as are Celes and Terra from FF6
Lara Croft is an obvious one, but she's worth a mention just for the way she's portrayed in Tomb Raider 2 and 3 (and 1 to a lesser extent). She's like Indiana Jones, except even more of a nasty psychopath, and with far less regard for archeology. Hilarious character to play as. Never cared for her characterisation at any point after Tomb Raider 3, I just find her annoying in all her various incarnations from TR4 onwards, but plenty of people seem to think differently.
It'd also be inexcusable not to mention Tanya from Red Alert. "I'M THERE!! CHA CHING!!! LET'S ROCK!!! GYAHAHAHA"
Then of course, there's games where you create your own character or have them generated for you, some already mentioned by Zetetic. Some more:
Gears Tactics - two great pre-written female characters in the story, and as many generic ones as you want in your squad. Probably goes for the main Gears games too, but fuck if I've played or remember them
Mount & Blade - be a medieval woman who starts out as a peasant and ends up taking over an entire country, becoming a knight, and founding her own empire. Lords from the established ruling class will come up to you and say belittling, sexist shit to you, and you can retaliate by destroying their army, capturing them in battle, stripping them of their feifs, dragging them around as a prisoner for days on end while refusing their family's ransom attempts, and then finally exiling them (or executing them in M&B2) for a laugh. Several cool female companions, too, including Matheld the Nord who goes around with a big axe to chop your enemies
Darkest Dungeon - plenty of female classes to play as, with cool designs. Check out the Plague Doctor, best design for a female character ever in a videogame. Not joking
